Meaningful access means more than just getting in the door – it's about being able to fully participate in all aspects of the workplace experience once inside. It includes everything from the tasks people perform to where you might host your team building activities. And that's where the power of universal design comes in. By considering the diverse needs of all potential users from the start, we can create spaces that are welcoming, intuitive and functional for everyone.

Universal Design PrinciplesUniversal design is based on seven core principles developed in 1997 by a working group of architects, product designers, engineers and environmental design researchers, led by the late Ronald Mace at North Carolina State University (NCSU).¹ These principles are very useful when creating inclusive environments:

1. Equitable use: The design is useful and marketable to people with disabilities.
   Example: A building’s main entrance has a wide, automatic door and a level threshold, so all employees and visitors can use it independently, regardless of mobility level.
2. Flexibility in use: The design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities.
   Example: Adjustable-height desks and chairs to suit different body types, postures and tasks.
3. Simple and intuitive use: Use of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user's experience, knowledge, language skills or current concentration level.
   Example: Layout is consistent and logical, with clear sightlines and intuitive wayfinding cues.
4. Perceptible information: The design communicates necessary information effectively to the user, regardless of ambient conditions or the user's sensory abilities.
   Example: High-contrast tactile signage with braille and simple icons or pictograms.
5. Tolerance for error: The design minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions.
   Examples: Flooring is smooth and non-slip, furniture has rounded corners and pathways have no protruding objects.
6. Low physical effort: The design can be used efficiently and comfortably and with a minimum of fatigue.
   Example: Automatic operators for frequently used doors and lever handles instead of knobs.
7. Size and space for approach and use: Appropriate size and space are provided for approach, reach, manipulation and use, regardless of the user's body size, posture or mobility.
   Examples: Wide circulation paths, adequate clear floor space in work areas/meeting rooms and easily reachable controls such as light switches at accessible heights.

Specific Design ConsiderationsIn addition to the above broad principles, there are specific features that can enhance accessibility for people with different types of disabilities:²

Please note that all measurements for accessible design and built environments are provided in millimetres (mm) in Accessibility Standards Canada guidelines. Those measurements constitute the official standards.

Physical/Mobility Access

• Clear widths along pathways (min. 1200 mm) and through doorways (min. 860 mm).
• No level changes or thresholds higher than 13 mm.

CSA Group. (2023). CSA B651-23: Accessible design for the built environment. Retrieved from https://www.csagroup.org/wp-content/uploads/2430328.pdf. Page 213.

 

• Smooth, firm, slip-resistant surfaces.
• Powered door operators at entrances and washrooms.
• Ramps and/or elevators to connect different levels.
• Accessible seating options with a minimum of 820 x 1390 mm of clear floor space.
• Lowered counters and work surfaces (max. height 860 mm) with ample clearance below.

Sensory Access

• Tactile signage and warning strips at edges and drop-offs.
• Colours and textures to define different areas.
• Non-glare lighting and matte finishes.
• Acoustic separation and sound-absorbing materials.
• Assistive listening devices or audio loop systems.
• Multi-sensory safety alarms (visual and audible).
• Designated quiet/low stimulation spaces.

CSA Group. (2023). CSA B651-23: Accessible design for the built environment. Retrieved from https://www.csagroup.org/wp-content/uploads/2430328.pdf. Page 83.

Cognitive Access

• Simple, logical, intuitive layouts for signage and pathways.
• Clear, concise signage with plain language and symbols.
• Landmarks and colour coding for easy wayfinding.
• Step-by-step instructions with diagrams or photos.
• Clutter-free spaces with minimal visual distractions.
• Calming, muted colours and patterns (no busy prints).
• Ample natural light and connections to the outdoors.

Retrofitting vs. New BuildsWhether you're renovating an existing space or starting from the ground up, it's never too early or too late to prioritize accessibility and inclusion.

For retrofits, a great first step is an accessibility audit to identify current barriers and opportunities. Quick, high-impact improvements could include:

• Switching from doorknobs to lever handles.
• Adding kick plates to widen doorway clearance.
• Installing offset hinges to increase clearance width.
• Lowering a portion of the reception desk.
• Providing a variety of seating options.
• Adding tactile, high-contrast signage.

For new builds, it is encouraged to work with an accessibility consultant early in the planning and design process. They can help ensure that the space exceeds minimum code requirements and showcases best practices and cutting-edge innovations in inclusive design.

Some features to consider:

• Spacious, open floor plans with flexible layouts.
• Extra-wide corridors and generously sized rooms.
• Curbless showers in all washrooms/locker rooms.
• Wall-hung lavatories and toilets for knee space.
• Adjustable height counters and workstations.
• Motorized window coverings and smart controls.
• Under-stair storage to keep pathways clear.
• Creative use of textures and colours for added interest.

Accessibility is an ongoing journey, not a one-time destination. Keep in mind that creating meaningful access is about creating spaces where employees can feel independent and can show up as their full selves. Inclusive design is most successful when it's human-centred and approached with empathy, so be sure to consult early and often with employees and visitors who have a range of lived experiences. With some thoughtful planning, attention to detail and a commitment to continuous improvement, you can create a workplace where everyone can contribute their best. Barriers belong in the past – the future is accessible!