Québec Sign Language (LSQ) is a visual language used by the French-speaking Deaf community in Québec and in some areas of Canada. Like all sign languages, LSQ enables Deaf, Deafblind, hard of hearing (DDBHH) individuals, and hearing people to communicate using hand movements, facial expressions, and upper body gestures.


A Fully-Fledged Language With a Rich History
Contrary to what some may believe, LSQ is not merely a set of gestures that replace spoken or written French. It is a complete language with its own grammar, vocabulary, and syntax rules, among other features. For example, in LSQ, word order differs from that of French, and facial expressions are essential for conveying meaning and intention in a sentence.


The Evolution of LSQ
LSQ has evolved over time, influenced by French Sign Language (LSF) and American Sign Language (ASL), as well as by the unique characteristics of Québec’s Deaf community. It was introduced in schools for Deaf students in the 19th century. Today, it is recognized as one of the most commonly used sign languages by Deaf individuals in Canada under the Accessible Canada Act.¹ There are several initiatives aiming to promote and improve access to LSQ, notably through the Accessible Canada Act. Access to LSQ is critical for DDBHH individuals, as it easily allows them to be included in society.


The Benefits of Access to LSQ
Once they learn the basics of LSQ, DDBHH individuals can more easily learn French as a second language. Moreover, LSQ allows them to express themselves freely, access education and services, and most importantly, participate fully in cultural and social life. More and more Quebecers and Canadians are learning LSQ to improve communication with DDBHH individuals, helping to break down language barriers and build real connections.


Deaf Culture and Linguistic Identity
LSQ is much more than a communication tool—it lies at the heart of Deaf culture. As a marker of identity, LSQ is central to a culture rich in traditions, values, and norms. DDBHH individuals are often actively involved in advocating for the recognition of their linguistic and social identity. This unique identity is expressed through community, artistic, and associative activities, conferences, and initiatives aimed at raising public awareness of the realities faced by Deaf individuals.²

Promoting the learning of LSQ in professional, educational, recreational, community, and artistic settings not only supports the integration of Deaf, Deafblind, and hard of hearing people, but also recognizes their unique culture. It is essential to understand that learning LSQ goes beyond communication—it also embraces Deaf culture and affirms the value of their identity.